Fertility Testing for the uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries

Assessing fertility involves evaluating the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. A common first step is a transvaginal (internal) ultrasound, which allows clear imaging of these structures. During this scan, you may feel some pressure as the probe is positioned, but it is generally well tolerated. If this type of examination is not suitable or comfortable, an abdominal ultrasound can be used as an alternative.

Ultrasound imaging can identify a range of conditions that may affect fertility. These include fibroids (growths within the muscle of the uterus), endometrial polyps (overgrowths of the uterine lining), and ovarian cysts. In some cases, these findings may reduce the likelihood of conception, and your doctor may discuss whether surgical treatment is appropriate.

Ultrasound with Tubal Assessment
Your doctor may also suggest a procedure to check whether the fallopian tubes are open, often referred to as an ultrasound with tubal patency testing. This involves gently placing a small catheter into the uterus and passing fluid through the uterine cavity and fallopian tubes. This helps detect abnormalities such as uterine scarring and determines whether the tubes are open or blocked. If the fluid does not pass through a tube, this may indicate a blockage that could prevent sperm and egg from meeting.

Some people experience mild to moderate cramping during the procedure, which usually settles soon afterwards. Light spotting for a few days is also common. While most patients tolerate the procedure well, stronger discomfort can occasionally occur—taking simple pain relief before or after the test may help. In very rare cases, a pelvic infection can develop.

The procedure typically takes between 5 and 20 minutes. It’s often recommended to take it easy for the remainder of the day following the test.